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Manhani (Defamation) kise kahte hai ? ( What is Defamation?)
Kisi vyakti, vyapar, utpad( production), samuh( group),sarkar(government) dharm ya rastra( nation) ke pratishtha ( dignity) ko hani pahuchane wala kathan ( statement) manhani (defamation) kahlata hai.
Indian Penal Code 1860, ki dhara (section) 499 ke anusar kisi vyakti ke bare mein kuch buri bate bolna, logo ko apmanjanak patr ( letter) bhejna, kisi ki pratishtha ( dignity ) ko hani pahuchane ke liye kuch bura krna, apmanjanak comments karna ya publish krna, Husband aur wife ke alawa kisi anya vyakti se kisi aur ke bare mein koi apmanjanak bat karna, aur anya statement jisse kisi ke man pratishtha ko hani pahuchti ho aisi har baat ko manhani kha jayega.
Manhani ke prakar. (Type of Defamation)
Defamation ke do prakar bataye gaye hai.
Manhani (Defamation) kise kahte hai ? ( What is Defamation?)
Kisi vyakti, vyapar, utpad( production), samuh( group),sarkar(government) dharm ya rastra( nation) ke pratishtha ( dignity) ko hani pahuchane wala kathan ( statement) manhani (defamation) kahlata hai.
Indian Penal Code 1860, ki dhara (section) 499 ke anusar kisi vyakti ke bare mein kuch buri bate bolna, logo ko apmanjanak patr ( letter) bhejna, kisi ki pratishtha ( dignity ) ko hani pahuchane ke liye kuch bura krna, apmanjanak comments karna ya publish krna, Husband aur wife ke alawa kisi anya vyakti se kisi aur ke bare mein koi apmanjanak bat karna, aur anya statement jisse kisi ke man pratishtha ko hani pahuchti ho aisi har baat ko manhani kha jayega.
Manhani ke prakar. (Type of Defamation)
Defamation ke do prakar bataye gaye hai.
- Likhit (Written)
- Bolna ( Oral )
1. Likhit (Written ) -JAb kisi vyakti ke prati koi apmanjanak comments ya statement likhit ( written) mein prakashit ( publish) kiye jate hai to aisi manhani ko likhit (Written) manhani kha jata hai.
2.Bolna (Oral )- Jab ksis vyakti ke prati koi apmanjanak comments, statement bol kar ya speech ke madhyam se kiya jata hai to aisi manhani ko oral manhani ( defamation) kha jayega.
Manhani ( defamation ) hoti kaise hai?
Manhani ( defamation ) hoti kaise hai?
- kisi aise vyakti ke prati apmanjanak comments ya statement likhit ya bol kar ke karna jisse uske man pratishtha ko hani pahuche, aur khas kar us vyakti ke prati jo jivit nahi hai uske prati bole gaye bure vachan jo uski khyati ( goodwill) ko hani pahuchaye aur uske parivar ya nikat sambandhiyon ki bhavnao ko hani pahuchati hai.
- Kisi company, organisation, ya group fo person ke bare mein koi apman janak comments ya statement bhi defamation hi kahlayega.
- Kisi vyakti par hasi ke roop mein kahi gayi baat jo uske man pratishtha ko hani pahuchati hai.
- Manhani se sambandhit kisi bhi lekh ko chapna( printing) ya prakashit (publish) karna.
Manhani kab manhani nahi mani jayegi ?
- Trcomments aur statement ki printing aur publishing manhani nahi kahi jayegi.
- Ksis vyakti ke bare mein sahi ( true) comments aur statement kha gya hai aur vah public interest mein hai to manhani nahi kahi jayegi.
- Acche irade se bola gya vachan.
Manhani ke liye karyvahi. ( Proceeding for Defamation)
- Manhani (Defamation) ke liye apradhik mukadma ( Criminal litigation ) file karke manhani karne wale vyakti ko aur usme shamil hone wale vyaktiyo ko bhi court se punish karva sakte hai.
- Yadi manhani ke karan se kisi vyakti ya uske business ko koi vastavik hani hoti hai ya hui hai to uske harjane ( compensation ) ke liye civil court mein vad ( litigation ) chla sakte hai.
- Manhani karne wale vyakti ke khilaf mukadma darj kar wane ke liye document ke sath competent jurisdiction court mein likhit ( written ) mein complaint de sakte hai.
- Court compalint dene wale ka statement darj karega, agar jarurat hui to uske ek- do mitro ka bhi bayan(statement) darj karega.
- In bayano ( statement ) ke aadhar par yadi court ko lagta hai ki mukadma darj karne ka paryapt( sufficient ) aadhar uplabdh hai to mukadma darj kar doshi ko court mein hajir hone ke liye summon bhejega.
- Apradhik mamle mein kewal nammatr ka hi shulk ( fees ) deni hoti hai. vahi harjane mein dawea mein jitna manga gya hai, uske 5 se 7.50 percent ke lagbhag court fee deni hoti hai. Yah court fees har rajya mein alag hai.
- Manhani ke mamle mein vadi ( plaintiff ) ko yah proof karna hota hai ki comments ampanjanak tha aur sarvjanik ( publicly ) roop se ki gayi thi.
Manhani ka bachav kasie hota hai ?
Manhani ke mamle mein prativadi ( defendant ) ko yah sabit ( proof ) karna hota hai ki jo bhi apmanjank comments kahe gaye hai vah satya hai aur lok hit ( public interest ) mein kahe gaye hai.
Manhani ka jhootha iljam ( blame ) lga diya jaye to kya kare ?
Agar kisi nirdosh vyakti ko doshi bna diya jaye aur vah yah sabit ( proof ) kar sake ki use badnam ya blackmail karne jaise bure irade se uske khialf dosh lagaya gya tha to vah court mein mukadma darj kra kar dosh lagane wale vyakti ke se harjane ki mang kar sakta hia.
Yah dawa mansik ( mental ) aur physical ( sharirik ) hani dono ki bharpai ke liye ho sakta hai.
Agar kisi vyakti ko bure irade se civil mukadme baji me fasaya jata hai to vah mukadma darj kra kar harjane ki mang kar sakta hai.
Manhani karne wale ko sja kya hoti hai ?
Manhani karne wale vyakti ko Indian Penal Code ki dhara (section) 500 ke anusar dandit ( punish ) kiya jata hai jo ki :
Jail ki sja ho sakti hai jo ki is adhiniyam ke anusar 2 saal ki gyi hai.
Jurmana ( fine ) bhi lag saktahai , ya dono se .
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