Sanvida kya hai aur iske adharbhut tatva kya hai ? What is contract and its important element

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Hello friend's aaj is post mein aap sabhi ko yah batane ja rha hu ki contract hota kya hai aur iske basic element kya hai, jo ki contract ko valid banate hai. Hum aap log aksar is contract word ko sunte hai khaskar tab jab hum koi room rent par lete hai. jismein land lord or tenant ke beech agreement hota hai. jisme aap dono ki sahmati ka hona jaruri hota hai, baad mein yah decide hota hai kitna rent dena hai ,yah sara kaam written mein hota hai , jo ek proof ke kaam ata hai.
Abhum bat krenge contract hai kya aur iske essential element kya hai.

Contract kya hai ? (What is contract?)
Contract ka matlab hai jab do vyakti kisi kaam ko karne ya na karne ka karar karte hai,ya kisi saman ke badle mein kuch aur saman ya rupya dena, to aise karar ko contract kahte hai. Yah karar likhit aur legal hona chaiye. Is karar mein dono parties ke apni apsi shamati ( mutual consent) ka hona bhi bahut jaruri hot hai.

Example- Jaise A ne B ke samne apni bike ko bechne ka prastav rakha ki vah 10,000 rs mein apni bike bech rha hai. Yadi B interested hai is offer mein aur uske dwara bataye gye 10,000 rupya dene par vah sahmat hai to aisa agreement jo likhit hoga vah contract mana jayega.

Wah element jo ki  ksis bhi contract ko valid banate hai. (Essential element of contract.)
Har ek agreement jo do parties ke beech hota hai vah ek contract hota hai. jisme dono parties ki apsi sahmati hoti kisi kaam ko karne ya na karne par ya kisi saman ke badle mein kuch saman ya rupya dena. Par ek contract kanoon ki najar mein valid kab hota hai. Aaj hum iski baat karenge ve kaun se element hai jo kisi bhi contract ko valid banate hai aur contract karte time ve kaun se element bahut jaruri hote hai.

1. Two parties.
Kisi bhi contract ki jo shuruwat hoti hai va do vyaktiyo se hi hoti hai ,jo ki kisi bhi contract ki pahli stage hai. Do vyakti ka hona jaruri hai kyoki jab do vyakti honge tabhi unme apas mein kisi baat ko lekar karar hoga jisme kisi bat ko karne ya na karne se hoga.  Do parties se matlab hai-

(a)Promisor -Vah vyakti jo prastav (Proposal) banate hai ya koi offer pesh karta hai samne us vyakti ko promisor kahte hai.

(b) Promisee- Vah vyakti jo propsal ya offer ko swikar (accept) karta hai us vyakti promisee kahte hai.

2. offer and Acceptance.

Offer and acceptance ka yah matlab hai ki jab ek vyakti kisi cheej ko bechne ke liye dusre vyakti ko yah offer karta hai ki vah us chej ko behcna chahta hai , vah dusra vyakti yadi is offer ko swikar karta hai , to aise ko offer and acceptance kha jayega.

3.Agreement.

Agreement se yah matlab hai jab ek vyakti dusre vyakti ko koi cheej offer karta hai dusra vyakti usko accept karta hai to aise me dono ke beech ek karar hota hai ki vah itne rupye mein vah chej dega aur dusra vyakti us karar pe sahmat hota hai, to aise karar ko agreement kahte hai.

4.Valid agreement.

 Valid agreement se matlab yah hai ki jo bhi agreement honge do parties ke beech vah sabhi kanoon ki najro mein legal hone chahiye. Yadi koi bhi contract illegal hua to vah void contract hota hai.

5.Consideration. 

Consideration yah element contract ke liye bahut jaruri hota hai. isko hum ek example se samjhte hai.

Jaise A ne B ko yah offer kiya ki vah apni bike 10,000 rs mein dega. Yadi B is offer ko swikar karta hai, aur 10,000 rs dene ko raji ho jata hai.

 Yah 10,000 rs ka matlab hai consideration.

6.Mutual Consent.

Kisi bhi contract ke liye jaise do vyaktiyo ka hona jaruri hai vaise hi mutual consent ka hona bhi bahut jaruri hai. Iska matlab yah ki jab do parties ke beech koi karar hota hai to dono ke beech apsi sahmati ka bhi hona jaruri hai. Yah sahmati kisi jor dabav ke na ho. kisi parkar se dhamka kar na li gyi ho, kisi prakar ka koi jalsaji na ki gyi ho. Yadi is prakar se koi bhi sahmati li jati hai  to vah contract ek void contract hota hai.

7.legal.

Har ek agreement ka legal hona bahut jaruri hota hai. jiska matlab yah hai ki jo ki kanoon ki najro mein valid ho. Yadi koi bhi agreement illegal hota hai, to vah void contract hota hai.

8.Capacity of Contract.

Capacity of contract se yah matlab hai ki contract karne ke liye yogya hona bahut jaruri hai. Yaha capacity se matlab hai metaly fit hona, Physical fit hona. Yadi koi vyakti mental aur physical fit nahi hai to vah contract karne ke liye yogya nahi hai.

9.Major

Contract ke liye vyakti ka major hona jaruri hai, Major se matlab yah ki vah vyakti jisne 18 varsh apni age puri kar li ho, kyoki ek major vyakti hi kisi contract mein ki gyi bato ko acche se samaj sakta hai. Usko yah gyan hota hai ki kya sahi hai kya galat hai. Major vyakti mein yah samjh hoti hai ki contract mein jo likha hai vah kya hai.

10 Written.

Kisi bhi contract ke liye uska written mein hona bahut jaruri hai ,jo ki usko valid banata hai. Yah ek proof hota hai ki do vyaktiyo ke beech ek agreement hua hai kisi kaam ko karne ke liye. Yah written mein is liye hota hai ki isme kisi kaam ko karne se related vo har ek bat likhi hoti hai jo ki do vyaktiyo ke beech kisi kaam ko karne ya na karne ke liye hota hai.